TURKMENISTAN

NOTES

The above rankings were last updated on February 28, 2019, and are based on the most recent Credibility Score Reports and Annual Audit Reports issued as of the end of 2018. 

The media of Turkmenistan is one of the most tightly controlled in the world. The press is heavily controlled by the government, which funds nearly all newspapers. Criticism of the president is absolutely forbidden. State licensing policy effectively eliminates all outlets not reflecting official views. To avoid reprisal, domestic and foreign journalists engage in self-censorship.

Reporters Without Borders' 2018 Press Freedom Index ranked Turkmenistan 178th out of 180 countries surveyed, ahead of only North Korea and Eritrea. It has consistently ranked at or near the bottom of most measures of press freedom since the breakup of the Soviet Union. 

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